how should life be seen & approached?

The biblical depiction of life begins with the words 'In the beginning God...' And it ends with a magnificent future that is also created by God. Just about everything in between also testifies to the eternal truth that life is made, redeemed, and certainly blessed by God. It's a gift to be received with humility and gratitude, not an achievement. Most of the biblical narrative for our lives can be seen as the unfolding drama of what happens when we do and do not accept our created identity as males and females made in the image of God, for communion with this Creator.

M. Craig Barnes, The Pastor as Minor Poet, Eerdmans, pp.8,9

fierce

I looked at you
with eyes that, I knew,
shone an intensity
that was fierce;

I shook your hand
with a grip that, I knew,
was not simply firm
but fierce, too;

And I looked,
and I gripped,
because I had no words
fierce enough

for your grief,
and our loss.

the great books (xv) - the screwtape letters

I think The Badger might approve of this one (and I do have to confess to being influenced by him in choosing to pursue more Lewis reading).

I hesitated to include it here because this is ostensibly a list of works of fiction. But what is a mild dilemma for me is, fully and truly, the genius of Lewis. His choice to write about the Christian life and, in particular, the struggle of a Christian to overcome temptation and to be, with Paul, wise to the schemes of Satan, by means of letters from a senior devil to his nephew makes his work rise to a greater height than any straightforward work of theology could have attained.

I've quoted on this blog from it before, here & there. Those excerpts - and they could be multiplied many times over - show an acuteness of insight that regularly leaves me speechless with admiration and sombre in reflection. I cannot recommend it highly enough.

And if The Caped Marauder (sorry, The Masked Badger) and I ever get around to posting a list of theological works, I daresay it will appear there too.

Deservedly.

'tis the season

for beta testing. Hot on the heels of taking part in the Laridian beta testing of the NET Bible & Notes, I've been accepted to beta test BibleMesh over the next few weeks.

BibleMesh? Have a look (at the bottom of the page you'll see the Sneak Preview option).

We'll see how it shapes up, I guess.

moments of the year 5

We were driving along, rushing to pick Iola up from school. Radio 2 was on in the car and it was the non-stop oldies at 3pm. Suddenly Anna says. 'Whos' that? He's got a nice voice.' It was The Smiths singing This Charming Man. She felt there was something authentic about him.

I think that has to be my most astonishing moment of the year.

moments of the year 4

For the most chilled moment of the year I'm nominating the few minutes we spent in the Will Neal exhibition at The Mill On The Fleet, back in August.

Will abstract paintings were perfectly complemented by some ambient music and the whole thing was just a few moments of deep relaxation.

Wonderful.

moments of the year 3

I don't suppose this counts as a 'moment', stictly speaking; more of an 'app' of the year, but I can't help but mention Spotify (again).

It's just a great, great way to access and listen to music. It's been a treat to be able to hear long-forgotten favourites, discover new ones and just generally have a ball. Music to suit any taste and every occasion.

All they need to do now is get the full Yoko Ono back catalogue on there & it's 'job done'.

If you're a photographer

but not yet David Bailey, these tips look good.

mutual subjection

Mutual subjection is God's way of nurturing harmony in a discordant world, unity in broken relationships, healing in a sick society and love in a divided church. it is applicable to imperfect people - like you and me - who belong to imperfect families, work imperfect jobs, participate in imperfect organisations, belong to imperfect churches and live in an imperfect world. It shows us how to function in communities that have tension and conflict running through them. It addresses people who are not married to the ideal spouse, who are not parents of ideal children, who are not members of ideal churches, and who do not have ideal jobs, colleagues and bosses. Mutual submission takes the world as it is, not as we want or expect it to be. It requires us to surrender ourselves to God, discerning how we can do his will in circumstances that are less than ideal.

Gerald Sittser, Love One Another, IVP, p.38 (my emphasis)

Advent Oratorio

Tom Wright and Paul Spicer some years back produced an Easter Oratorio. They have now followed it up with an Advent Oratorio (but note that Advent here primarily focusses on the commencement of Jesus' public ministry and his return in glory; 'Christmas' as such is not really in view).

You can read the full libretto here; by way of a taster, here is the opening chorus:

When the deaf hear the song of the new-born swan
and the lame go dancing on gold;
When the pauper raises his cheerful glass,
And the blind exclaim at the bright green grass,
And the hills bow down for the Lamb to pass,
Then the tale will at last be told.

It‟s a tale of a world put right at last,
it‟s the news of justice done;
It‟s the story the dead are eager to learn,
it‟s the song of the hedgerow, the stream and the fern,
it‟s the whisper of a long-lost Lord‟s return,
Of heaven and earth made one.

When the axe is laid to the root of the tree
(As the Baptist saw long ago);
When the greedy are blamed, and the violent tamed,
and the liars are named and the lustful ashamed,
and the rights of the poor are at last proclaimed,
Then the River of Life will flow.

And the Tree will grow its healing leaves,
and the Advent bell will ring;
And the stars will sparkle their glad applause,
and the seas will lend their voice to the cause,
while the angels unlock the ancient doors,
To welcome the coming King.

Beta testing

the NET Bible & its notes for Laridian's iPhone app. It means I need to use it a lot over this weekend, reading the text and looking-up the notes and so on.

Somehow it doesn't feel like a chore.

the aged & the manger

It was an 'outreach to the elderly' event. A lady played guitar and sang 'Away in a manger'. The people joined in. It was child-like, melancholic and deeply-knowing.

Here were people with formal Christian attachment, long years of, often, painful living behind them (some had lived through the War) and a present of evident decay. They sang of a baby sleeping in heavenly peace, of that child being near to them and loving them.

I can hardly remember a moment of deeper pathos and yet suffused with hope.

Too funny for words

Honest. It's a classic.

Especially the subtitles.

Go there.

the verse satan dared not quote

When assaulting Jesus with temptations, Satan quoted from Psalm 91

He will command his angels concerning you
to guard you in all your ways;
they will lift you up in their hands
so that you will not strike your foot
against a stone. (v.12)

I wonder why he didn't go on to remind Jesus of the very next verse in that psalm?

You will tread upon the lion and the cobra;
you will trample the great lion and the serpent. (v.13)

moments of the year 2

For my sporting moment of the year, I'm opting for Stuart Broad's utterly destructive spell of bowling against Australia in the final test of this summer's Ashes series. It simply blew the Aussies away and laid the foundation for an England victory and the return of the urn.

As it happens, I heard some of that spell whilst driving to Leeds, to visit someone in hospital. TMS, as ever, was a joy.

this is astonishing

moments of the year 1

I've decided to offer here an eclectic mix of my very-subjective moments of the year, in a whole variety of disparate and random fields of human experience. Kicking-off today with

Current Affairs moment of the year - The special edition of Question Time on BBC1 to deal with the issue of the MPs expenses scandal. Back in the spring, that issue led almost every news programme for days. If MPs doubted the level of public anger over the revelations that just kept on coming (due, in part, to the smartness of the Daily Telegraph's coreography of the issue), then this programme ought to have swept that doubt into oblivion.

(The BBC has a Question Time microsite here which, alas, doesn't have that special edition for viewing but has many others on which the topic was raised)

pastoral abuse

John 9:13ff is a fascinating study in how not to pastor people and the inherent dangers in doing so. A few of the things that present themselves are:

i. The Pharisees are agrieved because the blind man's healing occurred on a Sabbath (v.13). As custodians of the law, that posed a threat to them and to their position. And their position meant more to them than the possibility that this was the in-breaking of God's powerful grace. Those who make much of their pastoral position will always be susceptible to such dangers.

ii. They govern through fear (v.22). It gets results, of course (of sorts) but always at the expense of others - in this case, undermining the relationship of the parents to their son.

iii. They demand compliance (v.24). Their shepherding is not by example nor by winsome exhortation; it simply demands a compliant response, based on their position. They do not lead through the power of sacrificial love (cf. John 10:12).

iv. They reject the opportunity for mature reflection (v.24). Wise pastors will always stop to reflect, to pray, to search God's Word and humble their hearts.

v. They are defensive, insulting and threatening (vv.28,34). They invoke censure and use exclusion for the wrong reasons: they are not seeking to restore the fallen but to victimise and punish any and all who oppose their distorted spirituality.

on the Word becoming flesh

A lengthy but very worthwile quotation from Herman Ridderbos on John 1:14

The Word...did not cease to be the Word that was from the beginning, and "became" does not mean "changed into." It denotes an identification...an identification that, though it is not further defined here or linked with the virgin birth, does mean that all the redemptive categories (the "life" and "the light of humanity") thus far attributed in the prologue to the Word now apply with the same absoluteness and exclusiveness to the man Jesus of Nazareth and, in his person as the possessor of that which belongs to God alone, completely transcend and exceed the possibilities of a mere man. One cannot (in 'docetic' fashion) hide or even dissolve the reality of the flesh, the true humanity of Jesus, in the revelation of the glory of God any more than one can (in 'kenotic' fashion) detach the glory of God from the humanity of the earthly Jesus. The Word did not become flesh by just assuming the form of the man Jesus as a garment in which God walked on earth or as an instrument that God used from time to time. Nor does "became flesh" only indicate the 'place' or 'sphere' where the revelation took place. At stake here is the Word's act of being united with the man Jesus such that in his self-revelation in words and deeds the glory of the Word of the beginning manifested itself, visibly and audibly, and is interpreted by him as such with a recurrent appeal to his Sonship and his having been sent by the Father. Thus "became" refers to a mode of existence in which the deity of Christ can no more be abstracted from his humanity than the reverse.

The Gospel Of John, Eerdmans, pp.49.50

29 years

ago, on 8th December 1980, John Lennon was shot dead outside his home in New York city. At the time and since, there have been many reactions to his death. From those closest to him, there were several musical responses: from Elton John, the song Empty Garden; from George Harrison, All Those Years Ago, on his 1981 album Somewhere In England; from Yoko Ono, John's wife, the harrowing album Season Of Glass. And from Paul McCartney, the song Here Today on his 1982 album, Tug Of War.

McCartney's offering could never plumb the depths of emotional trauma that Yoko's did - she was his wife, after all, and with him when he was killed. Yet Here Today has its own deep resonances and is, in its own way, a remarkable statement.

McCartney & Lennon famously fell-out as the Beatles imploded and were never visibly close friends thereafter. But having lived through so much together left its mark and in this song McCartney testifies to such, with obvious regret at their latter years of distanced relationship.

Its most telling line, though, is surely the unexpected acknowledgement from one Liverpudlian man to another, 'I love you'.

Well said, Paul.

It's on Spotify, complete with a Yesterday-style string quartet. And here are the lyrics.

And if I say I really knew you well,
What would would your answer be
If you were here today?
Here today.

Well, knowing you,
You'd probably laugh and say that
We were worlds apart,
If you were here today.
Here today.

But as for me,
I still remember how it was before.
And I am holding back the tears no more.
I love you.

What about the time we met,
Well I suppose that you could say that we were playing hard to get.
Didn't understand a thing.
But we could always sing.

What about the night we cried,
Because there wasn't any reason left to keep it all inside.
Never understood a word.
But you were always there with a smile.

And if I say I really loved you
And was glad you came along.
If you were here today,
For you were in my song.
Here today

two of a kind....kind of (not)

Ezra 6:14 tells us that the returned exiles prospered "under the preaching of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah, a descendant of Iddo". And the books of Haggai and Zechariah show that Zechariah was ministering in the middle of Haggai's 3 month stint as prophet-in-residence.

I guess you could call it a team ministry but what's fascinating is the vastly different flavour of their prophetic work. Haggai words were very direct and almost entirely lacking in apocalyptic imagery (excepting his final word). Zechariah, on the other hand, is one of the most dazzling OT books of prophecy, full of dense imagery and symbolic worlds.

And they ministered at the same time and, together, were God's way of strengthening his people. In the best sense of the saying, 'it takes all sorts'.

In praise of Anna

(On this occasion, I don't have the wife in mind...)

Prepping for some Christmas messages, I've been looking at Anna the prophetess in Luke 2:36-39. What is impressive is her devotion to God - yes, her circumstances may have allowed a certain shape to that which others couldn't adopt (but would you really volunteer for her pain?), yet her example is deeply stirring.

And notice how that devotion to God leads her to an embrace of Jesus. All genuine devotion for God must centre there. If that centre is lacking, it isn't fully-Biblical devotion.

She's also a great model for every church member: she spoke of this child to those who were looking forward to the redemption of Jerusalem. How that must have encouraged them! We could do the same for each other.

pastoral wisdom for specific needs

Anyone who has preached to different congregations, and engaged in pastoral ministry with different kinds of people, will know only too well that the moment when a very particular situation presents itself is precisely the moment when you need to draw deeply on something very central and non-negotiable. One might almost formulate a general rule that the more specific the situation, the more what is needed is a return to core truth, however freshly stated.

N T Wright, Paul: Fesh Perspectives, SPCK, p.20

modern missionary movements

You really need to read an account of the Davey family's involvement in a French wedding. It says so much about so many things (and before anyone asks: I refuse to elaborate on that last statement).

Go here, here & here.

pastoring through worship

Justin Taylor has pointed us to a very interesting conversation between Bob Kauflin and David Powlison on the subject of worship and the possibilities for pastoring & counselling people through leading them in worship.

There are two clips: here & here.

start with a small church

Some very interesting words from Tim Keller to young ministers on where to start in ministry: a small, country church (please remember: he is speaking USA...). As part of his advice he says,

Young pastors should not turn up their noses at such places, where they may learn the full spectrum of ministry tasks and skills as they will not in a large church. Nor should they go to small communities looking at them merely as stepping stones in a career. Why not? Your early ministry experience will only prepare you for 'bigger things,' if you don't aspire for anything bigger than investment in the lives of the people around you. Wherever you serve, put your roots down, become a member of the community and do your ministry with all your heart and might. If God opens the door to go somewhere else, fine and good. But don't go to such places looking at them only as training grounds for 'real ministry.'

The whole thing is well worth a read.

the great books (xiv) - the fall & rise of reginald perrin

The classic 70s series was based on the 3 novels by David Nobbs - The Fall & Rise of Reginald Perrin, The Return of Reginald Perrin and The Better World of Reginald Perrin. I've chosen the first of those for this list but all 3 are share the same attributes: warm, moving, funny, astute and humane.

If you aren't familiar with the TV series (three in all), Reginald Iolanthe Perrin worked for Sunshine Deserts, arriving late each day because of some (increasingly unlikely) rail problem. He chose to fake his own death and escape his old life. After working on a pig farm (I wonder where Nobbs got that idea?) he returned in the guise of an old friend of Reggie's and remarried his wife (although as Reggie's old friend). Then came the whole saga of his Grot empire and then, in the final volume, an ultimately futile attempt to meet the needs of a society that was breaking apart.

I don't currently own these books but I'm pretty sure that will change before too long. Maybe too rooted in the 70s for some, they nevertheless still ring true to life, albeit without the hope only the gospel can bring.

Having been chided by our Marketing lecturer for not including a bibliography with our essays (in early '83), I chose to include these novels on the bibliography of my next essay for him, because they had spared me sorrow upon sorrow as I wrestled with (what seemed to my undoubtedly depressed mind) a topic of no value or worth for human existence (the details of which failed to lodge in my soul). Mr Dawson (for it was he) didn't spot their inclusion on the bibliography until I pointed it out to him. He grinned weakly, in a way that Reggie would have understood.

independence day

A typical 'get out' song from Bruce Springsteen, coupled with generational strife and the inability of fathers & sons to truly connect, coupled as they are by a fractured humanity. Worth a listen or two.

Here it is on spotify, so you can sing along:

Independence Day
Well Papa go to bed now it's getting late
Nothing we can say is gonna change anything now
I'll be leaving in the morning from St. Mary's Gate
We wouldn't change this thing even if we could somehow
`Cause the darkness of this house has got the best of us
There's a darkness in this town that's got us too
But they can't touch me now and you can't touch me now
They ain't gonna do to me what I watched them do to you
So say goodbye it's Independence Day
It's Independence Day all down the line
Just say goodbye it's Independence Day
It's Independence Day this time

Now I don't know what it always was with us
We chose the words and yeah we drew the lines
There was just no way this house could hold the two of us
I guess that we were just too much of the same kind
Well say goodbye it's Independence Day
It's Independence Day, all boys must run away,
So say goodbye it's Independence Day
All men must make their way come Independence Day

Now the rooms are all empty down at Frankie's joint
And the highway she's deserted way down to Breaker's Point
There's a lot of people leaving town now
Leaving their friends, their homes
At night they walk that dark and dusty highway, all alone
Well Papa go to bed now, it's getting late
Nothing we can say can change anything now
Because there's just different people coming down here now
And they see things in different ways
And soon everything we've known will just be swept away

So say goodbye it's Independence Day
Papa now I know the things you wanted, that you could not say
But won't you just say goodbye it's Independence Day
I swear I never meant to take those things away

the triumph of grace

In a previous post, I mentioned a visit to a friend who was terminally ill and of grace shining in her life.

She is now where she wanted to be: in the presence of Jesus, gazing upon his glory (Jn. 17:24 meant a great deal to her).

We thank God for her grace-filled life.

Rome wasn't built in a day

And nor was the earth - it took 6 days*, in fact. And maybe there's a vital lesson in there.

Could it all have been handled in a day? Of course. Nothing in the Bible suggests otherwise. But 6 days were taken, deliberately. And those days show us the value of achieving over time, of persisting in a task and working diligently and creatively towards a goal.

Things I need to learn to appreciate more.

*Please note: this post isn't engaging in any way the debate over the meaning of 'day' in Genesis 1,2. The points being made here stand, whatever interpretation you lean towards.

was his glory veiled?

I love the Kendrick song, The Servant King, so this is in no way a rant. It's simply a question, raised by one of the lines in the song.

"Entered our world, your glory veiled" is, I imagine, cognate with Wesley's "Veiled in flesh the Godhead see" and possibly draws on the statements of Philippians 2 with respect to Jesus making himself nothing (but notice Paul doesn't speak of Jesus divesting himself of divinity; he asserts rather that Jesus refused to exploit it).

My question - Was his glory veiled? - is asked in the light of John 1:14 where John declares that he and others "saw his glory" and discovered it to be "full of grace and truth".

Does he have in mind the transfiguration experience? I have to say that hadn't occurred to me until someone suggested it, but I don't find it especially persuasive.

Maybe the fact is his glory wasn't veiled by his taking on flesh but was hidden from sight by the unbelief of some who encountered him (John 1:10,11). Others, in humble trust, saw it and such see it still (2 Cor. 4:6).

And maybe that's Paul's point also in Phil. 2 - the glory of God is seen in his humility and humiliation, in his very refusal to use his position to his own advantage.

thinking out loud 1 - who can forgive sins?

It's the question the Pharisees ask in response to Jesus pronouncing the paralytic forgiven in Mark 2 (paralleled in Mt. 9:2-8 & Lk. 5:18-26). They ask, Who can forgive sins but God alone? It's a rhetorical question that expects the answer 'no-one'.

Indeed. Who can forgive sins but God? Yet the Pharisees knew that YHWH had delegated his power of forgiveness and attached it to the cultic system, presided over by the High Priest. It runs throughout the OT - sacrifices are offered and atonement is made and people are pronounced 'forgiven' (see Lev. 4:20,26,31,35 etc - the references are copious).

Was their question really a short-hand way of asking, 'Who can forgive sins but God alone (which we all know he does via the delegated authority of the Torah)?' The forgiveness is still his to give but he chooses to give it in that context.

Were the Pharisees, then, questioning Jesus' positioning of himself not so much as equal to God but as one who takes the place of the Torah?

An interesting development of this whole scenario appears in Matthew's account. There, the people praise God for giving such authority to people (anthropois). They recognise in Jesus not a usurping of God's authority but a delegation of it, to human beings (not just to this human being) and outside of the cultus. Of course, it might be argued that they knew very little and were hardly sophisticated in the finer details of Torah (no doubt the Pharisees would choose to argue along those lines). But Matthew (writing post-Resurrection) in no way writes negatively of the people's assessment, not even hinting that they were askew in their conclusion.

But does God - has God - given such authority to people? Jesus apparently believes that he has; in fact, he himself extends that authority on God's behalf to his people - "If you forgive the sins of anyone, they are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven" (John 20:23); "whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven" (Matthew 18:18).

But doesn't that then open up the whole matter of forgiveness to all sorts of possible abuses? Is God bound to forgive anyone whom I choose to forgive? What if that person isn't truly repentant? And will God withhold his forgiveness from someone genuinely repentant because I've decided they aren't really sincere in seeking it? Not to mention the potential for pride and an unbiblical priestliness?

Yes, that was my first reaction, too. People don't need to ask me for forgiveness; they go to God through Jesus. He alone can forgive sins. Except he tells me to forgive others, not just in the passages just referred to but in a whole host of others. I am to act in a priestly capacity as authorised by God, in light of Jesus' once-for-all sacrifice for sin, the true fulfilment of the whole sacrificial system of the OT.

So what about those pitfalls - people getting forgiven when they oughtn't to be and vice versa? Well, no one ever said God's hands were tied on this matter, any more than they are tied by the 'ask anything in my name and it will be done' strand of Jesus' teaching. God is big enough to handle our fallibility.

But he has commissioned us to proclaim forgiveness in Jesus' name, somehow or other, to enact it in our relationships. And not just in terms of gospel preaching (the way some would exegete and apply the John 20 text). Jesus makes it far more personal. He enacts it in the presence of the Pharisees and God is glorified for it by the people. Torah was passing; atonement was being located in Jesus' death and forgiveness on the basis of his atoning sacrifice was to be actualised through his people, as indwelt by his Spirit (John 20:22).

thinking out loud

Occasionally, I've written down some thoughts as I've wrestled with a theological issue. I've decided I may as well post them here and benefit from the astuteness of my vast readership (at the last count it totalled 2 humans and 1 of indeterminate origin).

So, we'll kick off with the question of forgiveness.

a primer for pastoral care

I've written-up some rudimentary thoughts for the elders here on how to approach pastoral care. It, of course, doesn't say everything (err...it's a primer) and is intended to sit alongside discussions of other related topics.

But I thought it might be useful to stick it here on the blog, fwiw. All names & situations are made-up and do not in any way relate to people known to me. The paradigm was suggested by a similar approach in Mark McMinn's book, Sin and Grace in Christian Counselling.

Approaching Pastoral Care: A Creational Paradigm

John is 43 years old and is married to Anne. They have three children (17; 15 and 12). Three months ago John was made redundant. It is the third time in the past seven years he has lost his job. Anne works 25 hours as a teaching assistant at a local primary school.

During a conversation with John, he opens up and tells you he has recently felt at a distance from the Lord, that his Christian life seems stale. During the course of the conversation, he confesses to watching online pornography in the morning when Anne is at work.

How are we to approach pastoral care for John? Or, indeed, for others in a variety of situations?

A useful place to begin is the recognition that we are made in God's image. That has been taken to have at least 3 dimensions of meaning: functional, structural and relational. Those aspects can be helpful windows into the need for pastoral care and how it can be given.

1. Functional (creative/physical)
God is a creative being. He expresses his character in his works. And he has made humanity in his image, commissioning us to express his likeness through our engagement with creation. We are created to work, to form and fashion, to create and care. Where there are functional limitations (through age, illness, circumstances etc) people are affected. We were made to function. Closely allied to this is our physicality. We were created for appropriate, physical activity. The body matters.

2. Structural (Spiritual, Moral, Rational)
We were made to know God, to relate to him. We were created to promote his character through our lives. We have a conscience that, however impaired, instructs us in our relationship with God. We have emotions that are intended to be vehicles for expressing that relationship. We are made with the ability to reason and to make choices.

3. Relational
God is three-in-one; he is a relational being. People made in his image are made for relationships. Not only is that so in terms of marriage but in the fullest range of relationships. People need people because people are made in the image of God.

Those different aspects of being made in God's image are profoundly inter-related. They are not discrete dimensions of human existence; they together form one whole reality. That means pastoral care needs to be alert to significant factors across the board and then seek to help by paying attention to all 3 areas.

When faced with a person in need, we must be careful to ask questions that relate to all 3 dimensions, to get the fullest understanding of what is happening in their lives and why. Recalling John in our example above, it is clear that there are functional (his lack of employment), structural (his awareness of guilt) and relational (his role as husband and father) factors at play. It isn't hard to see how all those factors can contribute to an overall sense of need and how they mutually reinforce each other (the 'vicious circle' effect).

In seeking to care for people, we need to recognise that help may be appropriately given by attention to all dimensions of a person's being. Even where the need is primarily related to one aspect of a person's being, attention to the whole person can help to address the most pressing and causal issue.

[It's likely that we will tend to see things more in terms of one dimension than the others (that's simply an observation, not a judgement). We need to be aware of our 'default' mode of thinking and work hard to ensure we include possibilities from the other aspects of being made in God's image.]

Using this creational paradigm, how would you approach John's situation? What are the significant factors here? How do those factors inter-relate to each other? In what ways could you seek to help him?